Farmers often detect plant disease only after visible symptoms appear, when yield loss is already difficult or impossible to prevent. This project addresses the lack of an affordable and scalable system for early plant health monitoring while also providing field-level insights to support timely intervention. We propose a fixed, sensor-based monitoring system designed specifically for vineyards, enabling continuous, non-invasive observation of vine health.
The system integrates multispectral, thermal, and environmental sensors, each capturing a complementary aspect of plant physiology. Multispectral data is used to compute vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green NDVI (GNDVI), which reflect changes in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. Thermal sensing helps identify water stress and canopy temperature anomalies, while environmental measurements provide context to distinguish disease from temporary environmental stress. By combining these data reports over time, the system detects early deviations in vine health before visible symptoms appear, allowing growers to take proactive, targeted action and reduce crop loss.