; Hand this in to: ece849-staff+hw@ece.cmu.edu ; Required Readings @Conference{chen78_nversion, author = "Liming Chen; Avizienis, A", title = "N-version programming: a fault-tolerance approach to reliability of software operation", booktitle = "Fault-Tolerant Computing 1995, Highlights from Twenty-Five Years", organization = "FTCS", year = "1978", abstract = "N-version programming is defined as teh independent generation of N >= 2 functionally equivalent programs from the same initial specification. A methodology of N-version programming has been devised and three types of special mechanisms have been identified that are needed to coordinate the execution of an N-version software unit and to compare the correspondent results generated by each version...", url = "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org//iel3/3846/11214/00532621.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @Conference{knight85_large_scale, author = "Knight, Leveson & St. Jean ", title = "A large scale experiment in N-version programming", booktitle = "Fault-Tolerant Computing 1995, Highlights from Twenty-Five Years", organization = "FTCS", year = "1985", abstract = "N-version programming has been proposed as a method of incorporation fault toleance into software. Multiple version of a program (i.e. ``N'') are prepared and executed in parallel. Their outputs are collected and examind by a voter, and, if they are not identical, it is assumed that hte majority is correct...", url = "http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ece849/papers/knight85_large_scale.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @Conference{avizienis88_flight_sw_diversity, author = "Avizienis, A.; Lyu, M.R.; Schutz, W.", title = "In search of effective diversity: a six-language study of fault-tolerant flight control software", organization = "FTCS", year = "1988", abstract = "Multivesion software systems achieve fault tolerance through software redundancy and diversity. In order to investigate this approach, this join UCLA/Honeywell research project investigated multi-vesion sofware systems, employing six different programming languages to create six versions of software for an automatic landing program. The rationale, preparation, execution, and evaluation of this investigation are reported...", url = "http://ieeexplore-beta.ieee.org//iel3/3846/11214/00532625.pdf", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", } @Conference{knight90_reply, author = "Knight, Leveson, N.", title = "A reply to the criticisms of the Knight & Leveson experiment", booktitle = "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes", organization = "ACM", year = "1990", volume = "15", number = "1", pages = "24", abstract = "In July 1985, we presented a paper at the Fifteenth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing [KNI85] describing the resUlts of an experiment that we performed examining an hypothesis about one aspect of N-version programming, i.e., the statistical independence of version failure. A longer journal paper on that research appeared in the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering in January 1986 [KNI86]. Since our origial paper appeared, some proponents of N-version programming have criticized us and our papers, making inaccurate statements about what we have done and what we have concluded. We have spoken and written to them privately attempting to explain their misunderstandings about our work. Unfortunately subsequent papers and public pronouncements by these individuals have contained the same misrepresentations...", url = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/382294.382710", studentname = "", summary = "", contribution1 ="", contribution2 ="", contribution3 ="", contribution4 ="", contribution5 ="", weakness1 = "", weakness2 = "", weakness3 = "", weakness4 = "", weakness5 = "", interesting = "high/med/low", opinions = "", }